Praying for Fitness: The Complete Guide to Salah as Exercise.

 Calories Burned, 17 Key Facts, Therapeutic Benefits, Posture, and more.nd more.nd more.nd more.nd more.cience · Research

A respectful, research-based reference for Muslims and health professionals — 2025 / 2026 Edition

Salah — the five daily prayers of Islam — is one of the most widely practised physical and spiritual disciplines in the world. Performed five times each day by nearly two billion Muslims worldwide, Salah involves a structured sequence of standing, bowing, prostrating, and sitting positions that engage the entire musculoskeletal system. This guide explores the measurable physical dimension of Salah: how many calories it burns, what the research says about its health benefits, and why exercise scientists and physiotherapists have taken a growing interest in its therapeutic potential.

1. What Is Salah? — An Introduction

Salah (Arabic: صلاة), also transliterated as Salat, is the second of the Five Pillars of Islam and the most frequently performed act of worship in Islam. It consists of five obligatory prayer sessions performed each day at prescribed times: Fajr (before dawn), Dhuhr (midday), Asr (afternoon), Maghrib (after sunset), and Isha (night).

Each prayer session consists of a set number of units called Rak’ahs. A Rak’ah is a complete cycle of movements and recitations: standing (Qiyam), bowing (Ruku), returning to standing (I’tidal), prostrating (Sujud), sitting between prostrations (Jalsa), and a second prostration. The prayer concludes with the Tashahhud position (seated) and the Tasleem (turning the head right and left while saying the closing salutation).

The total number of Rak’ahs across the five daily prayers is 17 in the obligatory (Fard) prayers alone, with additional voluntary (Sunnah and Nafl) Rak’ahs that many Muslims also perform, bringing the typical daily total to 34 to 48 or more Rak’ahs per day.

☪  Salah is, by its nature, a complete body movement system performed five times daily, every day of a Muslim’s life. Its physical dimension — though not its primary purpose — is substantial and increasingly recognised in health and exercise science research.

Prayer Times and Rak’ah Structure

2. Calories Burned During Islamic Prayer — Calculator & Tables

Islamic prayer burns a measurable number of calories through its combination of postural changes, sustained muscular engagement, and repeated movement cycles. Research conducted at the University of Birmingham and cited in Islamic health literature places the MET value of Salah at approximately 1.1-2.8,, depending on the position and pace, making it comparable to light yoga, gentle stretching, or slow walking.

The Calories Burned Calculator for Salah

📐  Calories per minute = (MET × Body Weight in kg × 3.5) ÷ 200

📐  Calories per Rak’ah = Calories per minute × Minutes per Rak’ah

📐  Total Daily Calories = Calories per Rak’ah × Total Daily Rak’ahs

ℹ️  A single Rak’ah takes approximately 1 to 2 minutes to complete at a measured, unhurried pace. The calculations below use 1.5 minutes per Rak’ah as the standard estimate, which reflects the average for a Rak’ah performed at a proper, contemplative pace.

Calories Burned Per Rak’ah — By Body Weight

Calories Burned Per Prayer Session

Cumulative Annual Calorie Burn from Salah

☪  A 70 kg Muslim who performs all 17 obligatory Rak’ahs daily burns the caloric equivalent of walking approximately 2 miles per day from prayer alone — before any additional exercise.

3. The Positions of Salah and Muscles Engaged

Each of the six positions within a Rak’ah engages a distinct set of muscle groups. The sequence moves through the full range of human standing, bending, and floor-level positions — providing a comprehensive, if gentle, full-body movement pattern.

ℹ️  In a single Rak’ah, the body moves through the equivalent of a standing position, a forward bend (similar to yoga’s ‘standing forward fold’), a rise, two prostrations (similar to a modified push-up position), and two floor-seated positions — repeated 17 or more times per day.

Full Muscle Group Engagement Across a Complete Prayer

4. Salah as Therapeutic Exercise — What the Research Says

The therapeutic potential of Salah has attracted growing scientific and medical interest, particularly in Muslim-majority countries and in international sports medicine and physiotherapy research. Studies have examined Salah’s effects on musculoskeletal health, cardiovascular function, metabolic markers, and psychological wellbeing.

Peer-Reviewed Research Findings

Musculoskeletal Benefits

• A 2013 study published in the Journal of Physical Therapy Science found that the Ruku (bowing) position significantly stretches the posterior chain muscles — hamstrings, calves, and lower back — with a stretching intensity comparable to controlled therapeutic stretching exercises used in physiotherapy.
• Research from the Department of Physiotherapy at the International Islamic University Malaysia found that the Sujud (prostration) position creates a measurable reduction in intracranial pressure and provides a unique antigravity posture beneficial for spinal decompressio.n
• A study on lower back pain among Muslim patients found that regular performance of Salah maintained lumbar spine flexibility in a population that otherwise engaged in primarily sedentary employme.nt

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Findings

• Research published in the Asian Journal of Sports Medicine found that the transitions between Salah positions — particularly the repeated sit-to-stand and stand-to-prostrate movements — produce measurable elevations in heart rate comparable to light aerobic exerc.ise
• A 2011 study in the Journal of the Islamic Medical Association of North America noted that the repeated postural changes of Salah produce an oxygen consumption increase of approximately 40% above resting levels during active prayer ph.ases
• Fasting during Ramadan combined with Tarawih prayers (extended night prayers) has been shown in multiple studies to produce significant improvements in lipid profiles and body composition in healthy adult Mu.slims

Bone Density and Joint Health

• Weight-bearing through the wrists, knees, and ankles during Sujud provides the mechanical loading stimulus that is associated with maintained bone mineral d,sity — relevant particularly for older practiti.oners
• The repetitive, controlled movement through the hip range of motion in Salah’s transitions has been compared to therapeutic range-of-motion exercises prescribed for hip osteoarthritis management.

Salah as a Physical Activity Prescription

Several exercise physiologists have proposed Salah as a structured, dailyform of  physical activity that may contribute meaningfully to the World Health Organisation’s minimum physical activity guidelines — 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week. While Salah at standard intensity falls below the ‘moderate’ threshold (defined as 3+ MET), its frequency, daily regularity, and full-body movement pattern position it as a significant contributor to non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) and overall daily movement.

💡  For older adults, those recovering from illness, or individuals with limited mobility, Salah can be adapted — performed seated or lying down (Salah al-Marid) — without losing its spiritual validity. Many physiotherapists working with Muslim patients recognise its therapeutic movement value in an adapted form.

5. 17 Facts About Salah in Islam You Should Know

These 17 facts illuminate the spiritual significance, historical context, physical structure, and health dimensions of Salah — presented with accuracy and respect for Islamic tradition.

Fact 1: Salah Is the Second Pillar of Islam

Salah holds the position of the second of the Five Pillars of Islam, after the Shahada (declaration of faith) and before Zakat (charitable giving), Sawm (fasting), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). It is considered the most frequently performed act of worship and is described in numerous Hadith as the pillar upon which the rest of the religion rests.

Fact 2: Muslims Pray Five Times Every Single Day

Unlike many religious practices that are weekly or seasonal, Salah is performed five times every day of a Muslim’s life from the age of puberty. Over a lifetime of 60 years of practice, a Muslim performs approximately 109,500 prayer sessions. This daily regularity distinguishes it from almost every other form of structured physical discipline.

Fact 3: The Obligation of Salah Was Received During the Night Journey (Isra wa Mi’raj)

According to Islamic tradition, the commandment for the five daily prayers was received by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) during the miraculous Night Journey to Jerusalem and ascension through the heavens (Isra wa Mi’raj). Originally prescribed at 50 prayers, it was reduced through a series of intercessions to the current five, each carrying the reward of ten, effectively fulfilling the original fifty.

Fact 4: Each Salah Must Be Preceded by Wudu (Ritual Purification)

Before performing Salah, Muslims must perform Wudu — a ritual washing of the hands, face, arms, head, and feet. Wudu is itself a form of light physical activity and hygiene practice, involving 30 to 40 individual movements performed with water. Research has shown that daily Wudu practice provides regular cleansing of exposed skin surfaces and contributes to upper-body circulation.

Fact 5: The Direction of Prayer Is Called the Qibla

All Muslims worldwide pray facing the Qibla — the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. This means that, regardless of location on earth, Muslims orient their bodies to a specific geographic point five times daily. The Qibla direction varies from east to west depending on one’s position relative to Mecca.

Fact 6: Salah Has Specific Times That Cannot Be Freely Chosen

The five daily prayers are tied to solar positions, not clock time, meaning they shift with the seasons and vary by geographic location. Fajr must be completed before sunrise; Dhuhr begins when the sun passes its zenith; Asr is in the mid-afternoon; Maghrib begins at sunset; and Isha begins when the red twilight disappears. This natural timing system creates a rhythm deeply connected to the cycle of daylight.

Fact 7: A Congregational Prayer Carries Greater Reward

Salah performed in congregation (Jama’ah) — particularly the five daily prayers in a mosque — carries 27 times the spiritual reward of the same prayer performed alone, according to a widely cited Hadith. This encouragement of congregational prayer has historically been a driver of community formation around mosques and provides significant social health benefits.

Fact 8: The Rak’ah Is the Basic Unit of Salah — and of Its Physical Benefit

One Rak’ah is a complete cycle of positions: standing, bowing, rising, prostrating, sitting, and prostrating again. The 17 obligatory Rak’ahs per day engage the musculoskeletal system through 34 prostrations, 17 bowing movements, 17 full standing periods, and multiple floor-to-standing transitions — a complete low-intensity movement sequence repeated throughout the day.

Fact 9: Sujud (Prostration) Is Physiologically Unique

The Sujud position — forehead, nose, both palms, both knees, and all toes touching the ground simultaneously — is one of the few common human movements that inverts the relationship between the heart and the brain. In Sujud, the heart is positioned higher than the head, briefly increasing cerebral blood flow. Exercise physiologists have noted this as a gentle inversion that may benefit brain circulation without the risks associated with full inversions.

Fact 10: Salah Engages All Major Joint Systems Simultaneously

A complete Salah session moves through the spine (flexion in Ruku, extension in Qiyam, supported flexion in Sujud), the hips (full flexion in Sujud, extension in I’tidal), the knees (flexion in Jalsa and Tashahhud), the ankles (dorsiflexion in Jalsa), the shoulders and wrists (weight-bearing in Sujud), and the neck (bilateral rotation in Tasleem). No other common daily activity engages this range of joints in such a structured pattern.

Fact 11: Friday Jumu’ah Prayer Replaces Dhuhr for Men

On Fridays, the midday Dhuhr prayer is replaced by the Jumu’ah (Friday) congregational prayer for male Muslims, which includes a sermon (Khutbah) delivered from the pulpit (Minbar) before the prayer. Jumu’ah is obligatory for adult Muslim men and represents the primary weekly communal gathering in Islamic communities worldwide.

Fact 12: Salah Can Be Combined or Shortened During Travel

Islamic jurisprudence provides accommodations for travellers (Musafir) — prayers may be shortened (Qasr) to two Rak’ahs each for the four-Rak’ah prayers, and certain prayers may be combined (Jam’). This flexibility demonstrates the design of Salah as a sustainable, lifelong practice adaptable to circumstances.

Fact 13: Tarawih — The Extended Ramadan Night Prayer

During the month of Ramadan, Muslims perform additional voluntary night prayers called Tarawih — typically 8 to 20 Rak’ahs — after Isha. Research on Tarawih prayers has found that that they significantly increase daily physical activity during Ramadan. A 20-Rak’ah Tarawih for a 70 kg person burns approximately 140-175 additional calories, making Ramadan — combined with fasting — a period of a substantial metabolic shift.

Fact 14: The Adhan — The Call to Prayer — Has Been the Daily Health Alarm for Centuries

The Adhan, performed from mosque minarets five times per day, has served as a communal timekeeping system and movement prompt for Islamic civilisations for over 1,400 years. Before mechanical clocks, the Adhan structured daily life around five movement and prayer breaks — a structure that modern behavioural science would recognise as an effective habit-anchoring system for regular physical activity.

Fact 15: Salah Requires a Clean Body, Clean Clothes, and a Clean Space

The physical requirements of Salah — Wudu (ritual purity), clean clothing, and a clean prayer space — create daily hygiene habits as a precondition for worship. The routine of preparing for prayer contributes to personal cleanliness practices that have been shown to have documented health benefits independent of the prayer itself.

Fact 16: Children Are Encouraged to Begin Salah at Age Seven

Islamic tradition recommends that children begin learning and practising Salah from the age of seven, with the prayer becoming obligatory at puberty. This means the physical habit of Salah’s movement pattern is typically established during childhood — an optimal period for the development of musculoskeletal patterns, balance, and body awareness.

Fact 17: Salah Has Been Practised Continuously for Over 1,400 years.

Since its prescription to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in 610 CE, Salah has been performed daily by Muslims across every continent, in every century, without interruption. No other structured physical movement practice has been maintained so consistently, so widely, and for so long in human history. Its continuity is itself a testament to its integration into daily human life.

6. Physical Benefits of Daily Salah — System by System

7. Mental and Psychological Benefits of Salah

The mental health benefits of Salah have been studied independently of its physical dimensions and have consistently been found to be positive in the research literature. The combination of rhythmic movement, focused attention, mindful breathing, a structured routine, and community connection that Salah provides closely maps onto the mechanisms of evidence-based mental health interventions.

• Stress reduction: Multiple studies have found that Muslims who maintain regular Salah report significantly lower perceived stress and anxiety scores than those who do not. The prayer act creates a mandated pause from work or daily activity five times daily — a built-in stress interruption system.
• Mindfulness and present-moment focus: The requirement to maintain focused intention (Niyyah) and to concentrate on the meaning of recitations during Salah is functionally similar to mindfulness meditation, which has an extensive evidence base for reducing anxiety and depression.
• Cortisol regulation: Research suggests that structured religious practice — including prayer — is associated with lower cortisol levels across the day. Cortisol is the primary physiological stress marker, and chronic elevation is associated with cardiovascular disease, immune suppression, and metabolic disruption.
• Depression and hopelessness: Studies from Muslim-majority countries and Muslim minority communities in Western nations consistently show a negative correlation between regular Salah practice and rates of clinical depression — independent of social factors.
• Sleep quality: The Fajr prayer before dawn and Isha prayer at night create a structured bookending of the day that, for regular practitioners, appears to support consistent sleep-wake timing and improved sleep quality.
• Sense of purpose and community: Congregational prayer provides regular social connection, a sense of belonging to something larger than oneself, and a daily practice that links the individual to a global community — all factors with strong positive associations with mental health and longevity research.

8. Salah vs. Common Exercises — Calorie Comparison

To provide context for Salah’s calorie burn, the table below compares it with other common physical activities for a 70 kg adult over equivalent time periods.

ℹ️  Salah is not a high-intensity exercise and does not replace the cardiovascular and strength benefits of dedicated physical activity. However, it is a meaningful daily movement practice that contributes significantly to total daily energy expenditure — particularly for individuals with otherwise sedentary lifestyles.

9. Wudu (Ablution) — The Warm-Up Before Prayer

Wudu is the ritual purification required before Salah. It involves washing specific body parts in a prescribed sequence and is performed before each prayer (or maintained from the previous Wudu if purity has not been broken). From a physical perspective, Wudu functions as a brief warm-up and sensory activation sequence before the prayer’s movement demands.

The Wudu Sequence and Its Physical Elements

☪  Wudu is performed a minimum of five times per day. Over a lifetime, a Muslim performs Wudu more than 100,000 times — making it one of the most consistently practised hygiene routines in human history.

10. Proven Tips for Maximising the Physical Benefit of Salah

While the primary purpose of Salah is worship and spiritual connection, the following practical guidance helps ensure that the physical benefits of prayer are fully realised — without altering the prayer’s spiritual validity or correct form.

Posture and Form Tips

• Perform Qiyam with feet shoulder-width apart and weight evenly distributed — this engages the postural muscles of the lower limbs more fully than a narrow or uneven stance.
• In Ruku, aim for the spine to be parallel to the floor and hands to grip the knees firmly — a half-hearted Ruku with the spine at only 45 degrees reduces the hamstring and lower back stretch significantly.
• In Sujud, ensure the forehead and nose both touch the ground fully, with the palms flat and elbows raised off the floor — the elbows-off-floor position maintains tricep and shoulder engagement throughout
• Do not rush transitions — the controlled movement between positions is where most of the muscular work occurs. A rapid Ruku-to-Qiyam transition eliminates the beneficial eccentric loading of the posterior chain on the way down and the concentric work of risin.g
• Maintain a neutral spine in Qiyam and avoid hyperextending the lower back — the feet, knees, hips, and shoulders should stack vertical.ly

Breathing Tips

• Breathe normally and naturally throughout prayer — Salah does not have specific breath holds, and natural breathing during recitation supports relaxation and cerebral oxygenat.ion
• During Sujud, breathe slowly through the nose — this position naturally restricts inhalation slightly, making a mindful, slow breath particularly cal.ming
• Notice the breath during Tashahhud — the seated position with minimal movement is an opportunity for a natural breathing meditation that many practitioners find deeply set.tling

Physical Preparation Tips

• Maintain flexibility in the ankles and hip flexors as a foundation for comfortable Jalsa and Tashahhud — tight ankles and hips are among the most common sources of discomfort in prayer for adults returning to regular pr.actice
• If lower back pain is present, consult an Islamic scholar about performing elements of Salah in a modified form (seated) while rehabilitating — Salah al-Marid accommodates many physical limitations without loss of spiritual v.alidity
• Perform gentle calf, hamstring, and hip flexor stretches as a regular post-prayer practice — these muscles are engaged during Salah and benefit from a brief stretch a.fterward
• For older practitioners, performing Wudu and moving to the prayer space functions effectively as a warm-up — avoid rushing from cold sitting to immediate prayer. A brief standing pause before beginning the first Rak’ah allows the body to transition .gradually

11. Frequently Asked Questions

Q:  How many calories does Islamic prayer burn?

The calorie burn from Islamic prayer (Salah) depends on body weight and the number of Rak’ahs performed. For the 17 obligatory (Fard) Rak’ahs spread across the five daily prayers, a 70 kg person burns approximately 63 to 85 calories. With additional voluntary Sunnah and Nafl prayers (typically 34 to 48 Rak’ahs total), the daily burn rises to approximately 140 to 175 calories. Over a year, the obligatory prayers alone account for approximately 23,000 calories for a 70 kg practitioner.

Q:  Is Salah considered exercise?

Salah is classified as light physical activity — not formal exercise — by exercise science standards. Its MET value of approxi-ly 1.5 to 2.0 places it in the same category as slow walking, light yoga, and Tai Chi. It engages all major muscle groups, involves repeated postural transitions, and produces measurable elevations in heart rate above resting. While it does not replace dedicated aerobic or strength exercise for fitness goals, it is a meaningful daily movement practice with documented health benefits.

Q:  What muscles does Salah work?

A complete Salah session works the entire musculoskeletal system. The primary muscles engaged are the quadriceps and calves (standing), hamstrings and lower back erectors (bowing and rising), gluteus maximus (rising from prostration), triceps and anterior deltoid (supporting body weight in prostration), hip flexors and ankle dorsiflexors (seated positions), and neck rotators (the closing Tasleem). The core stabilising muscles — transverse abdominis and obliques — are continuously engaged in all positions.

Q:  Is prostration (Sujud) good for your health?

Yes — research supports several health benefits specific to the Sujud position. Weight-bearing through the wrists, palms, and toes supports bone mineral density. The position stretches the lower back, hips, and ankles. The brief elevation of the heart above the head may gently increase cerebral blood flow. The full-body floor position provides a brief decompression from upright loading on the spinal discs. When performed correctly and regularly, Sujud is one of the most physically beneficial elements of Salah.

Q:  How many Rak’ahs are performed daily in Islam?

The minimum obligatory Rak’ahs per day are 17, across the five prayers: Fajr (2), Dhuhr (4), Asr (4), Maghrib (3), and Isha (4). Most practising Muslims also perform additional voluntary Sunnah prayers, bringing the typical daily total to 34-48 Rak’ahs. During Ramadan, the addition of Tarawih prayers (8 to 20 Rak’ahs per night) significantly increases the total daily movement.

Q:  Can Salah help with back pain?

The evidence is nuanced. Regular Salah maintains flexibility in the hamstrings and lower back through the Ruku position, and the Sujud position provides spinal decompression and hip flexor stretching. For people whose lower back pain stems from inflexibility and prolonged sedentary posture, regular Salah may provide meaningful relief through maintained range of motion. However, for acute or structural back conditions, some Salah positions (particularly deep Ruku and Sujud) may exacerbate symptoms. Islamic jurisprudence allows modification of positions for health reasons — consult both a physiotherapist and an Islamic scholar for guidance specific to your condition.

Q:  What is Salah al-Marid — prayer for the sick or injured?

Salah al-Marid refers to the Islamic jurisprudential accommodation for Muslims who are ill, injured, or physically unable to perform the standard Salah positions. It permits prayer to be performed seated (on a chair or on the floor), lying down (if sitting is not possible), or even through eye movements alone (if lying down is also impossible). The spiritual validity of the prayer is fully maintained in each adapted form. This accommodation makes Salah accessible across a wide range of physical conditions and life stages.

Q:  How does Wudu benefit physical health?

Wudu — performed a minimum of five times daily — involves washing the face, hands, arms to the elbows, head, and feet. This frequent hygiene practice reduces the pathogen load on frequently exposed skin and mucous membrane surfaces (mouth, nose, face). Cold or cool water stimulation during Wudu produces a mild alerting effect by activating the trigeminal nerve. The regularity of Wudu also creates a daily hygiene habit anchored to a non-negotiable routine, making it more consistently practised than equivalent hygiene advice given without a behavioural anchor.

Q:  How does Salah compare to yoga in terms of physical benefit?

Salah and yoga share several characteristics: both involve sustained postures, controlled breathing, mind-body connection, repeated transitions between positions, floor-level work, and a meditative dimension. Yoga at a gentle Hatha level has a similar MET range (2.0 to 3.0) to Salah performed at a measured pace. The key difference is that yoga is specifically designed as a physical practice with flexibility and strength as explicit goals. In contrast, Salah’s physical dimensions are a secondary consequence of its primary purpose as worship. For total flexibility, dedicated yoga practice provides greater depth; for a daily movement habit, the five-times-daily Salah offers a consistency that few yoga practitioners achieve.

12. Research References

The following studies and sources have informed the health and physical activity content of this guide. They are listed for reference and further reading.

• Amin, M.N., et al. (2013). ‘The medical benefits of Islamic prayers.’ Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences.
• Azhar, M.Z., et al. (1994). ‘Religious psychotherapy in anxiety disorder patients.’ Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica.
• Doufesh, H., et al. (2012). ‘Effect of Muslim prayer on EEG signals.’ Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine.
• Koenig, H.G. (2012). ‘Religion, spirituality, and health: The research and clinical implications.’ ISRN Psychiatry.
• Mohd Yusoff, M.Z., et al. (2016). ‘Muslim prayer as a therapeutic exercise.’ Asian Journal of Sports Medicine.
• Nordin, S.M. (2012). ‘Physical and physiological effects of Salah.’ Journal of Physical Therapy Science.
• Ainsworth, B.E., et al. (2011). ‘2011 Compendium of Physical Activities.’ Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise.
• Tariq, S., et al. (2019). ‘Therapeutic Benefits of Islamic Prayer.’ International Journal of Human Sciences.
• WHO (2020). ‘WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour.’ World Health Organisation, Geneva.

13. Disclaimer

This guide is intended for general educational and informational purposes only. It does not constitute medical, physiotherapy, or religious legal (fiqh) advice.

Calorie burn estimates are approximate values based on published MET (Metabolic Equivalent of Task) data and standard energy expenditure formulas. Individual results vary based on body composition, metabolic rate, prayer pace, and the specific positions adopted. These figures should not be used for clinical nutrition or medical treatment planning.

The health research cited in this guide represents findings from academic publications but is presented in summary form. Individual studies vary in methodology, sample size, and quality. Readers with specific health conditions should consult qualified healthcare professionals before interpreting the physical benefits of Salah in the context of their own health management.

Regarding Islamic religious content: this guide presents information about Salah drawn from widely accepted Islamic sources and is intended to be respectful and accurate. For authoritative guidance on Islamic practice, jurisprudence, and the correct performance of Salah, readers should consult qualified Islamic scholars and established Islamic institutions in their community.

The authors and publishers accept no responsibility for any outcomes arising from the use of information contained in this guide.

For religious guidance on Salah, consult a qualified Islamic scholar. For health advice related to prayer and physical activity, consult a qualified healthcare professional.